三坐標(biāo)精度測量機(jī)的工作原理和機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)

徐剛 費(fèi)業(yè)泰 李光柯
合肥工業(yè)大學(xué),合肥市230009
摘　要:開發(fā)了一種基于空間一維球列對稱聯(lián)系組合定標(biāo)法的手提式三坐標(biāo)精度測量機(jī)，其系統(tǒng)由球列板、滑軌、支架、底座以及伺服驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)、電氣控制部分和數(shù)據(jù)處理軟件組成。在準(zhǔn)確已知球列上任意一對球心距偏差的條件下，可得到整個球列各球心距偏差，再以該球列各球心形成的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)點(diǎn)列與測量機(jī)空間的點(diǎn)列進(jìn)行對稱組合比較測量，按最小二乘原理處理測量值，可求得被測三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)被測空間點(diǎn)的誤差，再按通用的數(shù)據(jù)分解方法即可得到坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)幾何結(jié)構(gòu)的21項(xiàng)誤差。利用全組合對稱聯(lián)系使一維球列校正精度達(dá)到高精度水平，同時(shí)由于球列可在該校正裝置的滑軌上移動，使該裝置可校正范圍比球列本身的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)長度增加數(shù)倍。僅需在校正前對球板上的一個球心距進(jìn)行檢測標(biāo)定并作為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量，即可通過一次測量同時(shí)確定事先均未知的一維球列精度和三坐標(biāo)測量機(jī)精度，使校正過程易于實(shí)現(xiàn)。此外，校正裝置無需嚴(yán)格按國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量值傳遞定期校正，而可由使用單位利用已有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)量和簡單裝置在使用前進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)檢測標(biāo)定，因此它對校正裝置的長期穩(wěn)定性無嚴(yán)格要求，可降低對校正裝置的設(shè)計(jì)與制造要求。[著者文摘]


Principle and Mechanical Structure of Accuracy Checking Device for CMMsXu Gang, Fei Yetai ,Li GuangkeXu Gang, Fei Yetai ,Li GuangkeAbstract:A portable accuracy calibrating instrument for CMMs are developed based on the combination calibration method with symmetric connection of one dimensional ball row. The system consists of a flat with global holes, a sliding track, a bracket, a foundation, a servo-drive system and electric control, as well as data - processing software. Based on the knowing of any interval＇s deviation of the ball row, the row intervals are contrasted with the coordinate intervals using symmetrically connected method. Then the error of the point in the space of CMM can be calculated by processing the measuring values with the least square principle. By using this method called combination calibration with symmetric connection of one dimensional ball row, the checking accuracy of one dimensional ball row can reach a high level and the checking range can be largely increased. Based on the calibration of one interval of ball row which is regarded as the standard value, the accuracy of one dimensional ball row and the accuracy of CMM which is unknown before checking can be obtained after a whole measuring process. What＇ s more, the checking device needn＇ t be calibrated periodically according to the national standard value transmission, but it needs to be calibrated by using units with simple device and the standard value that they have. So this method doesn＇ t require tbe stability of the checking device, and it will also be easier to design and manufacture the checking device.[著者文摘]

Key words:one dimensional ball row, symmetric connection, ＂combination calibration method, CMM, accuracy correction