內(nèi)審和監(jiān)督有什么不同？

內(nèi)審和監(jiān)督有什么不同？


內(nèi)審和監(jiān)督的不同主要體現(xiàn)在以下五個方面：
（1）目的不同。內(nèi)審從改善內(nèi)部管理出發(fā)，通過對發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題采取相應糾正措施、預防措施，推動質量改進。監(jiān)督是通過對人員的監(jiān)督來確保檢測和（或）校準的方法、程序、目的和結果評價的正確性。
（2）執(zhí)行者不同。內(nèi)審由經(jīng)過專門培訓，具備資格（一般認為是培訓合格后獲證并經(jīng)過實驗室授權）的內(nèi)審員執(zhí)行。監(jiān)督由監(jiān)督員執(zhí)行，監(jiān)督員不一定要經(jīng)過專門的培訓。內(nèi)審只要資源允許，審核人員應獨立于被審核的活動。監(jiān)督則一般由本部門的人員執(zhí)行，實行內(nèi)部監(jiān)督。
（3）程序不同。內(nèi)審作為一項體系審核工作，已有相應國際標準，并已轉化為國家標準，形成了一套規(guī)范的做法。監(jiān)督工作大多是每個實驗室自行作出規(guī)定。
（4）對象不同。內(nèi)審的對象是質量管理體系相關的各個部門或各質量要素（過程）的運行情況，監(jiān)督的對象則是校準/檢測人員執(zhí)行的檢測/校準工作的全過程。
（5）時機不同。內(nèi)審是按計劃進行、不連續(xù)的。監(jiān)督則是連續(xù)進行的。

安全術語（S術語）
Safety
Phrases
英文解釋中文解釋
S1 Keep locked up. 上鎖；
S1/2 Keep locked up and out of reach of children. 上鎖保管并避免兒童觸及；
S2 Keep out of reach of children. 避免兒童觸及；
S3 Keep in a cool place. 保存在陰涼處；
S3/14
Keep in a cool place away from ... (incompatible
materials to be indicated by the manufacturer).
保存在陰涼場所，遠離（生
產(chǎn)廠家指明的不兼容的物
料）；
S3/7 Keep container tightly closed in a cool place.
將容器嚴格密閉保存在陰涼
處；
S3/7/9
Keep container tightly closed in a cool, wellventilated
place.
將容器嚴格密閉保存在陰
涼、通風良好場所；
S3/9 Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place.
保存在陰涼、通風良好場
所；
S3/9/14
Keep in a cool, well-ventilated place away
from ... (incompatible material to be indicated
by the manufacturer)
保存在陰涼、通風良好場
所，遠離（生產(chǎn)廠家指明的
不兼容的物料）；
S3/9/14/49
Keep only in the original container in a cool,
well-ventilated place away from ...
保存在原始容器中，放在陰
涼通風良好場所，遠離（生
產(chǎn)廠家指明的不兼容的物
料）；
S3/9/49
Keep only in the original container in a cool,
well-ventilated place.
保存在原始容器中，放在陰
涼、通風良好場所；
S4 Keep away from living quarters. 遠離生活區(qū)；
S5
Keep contents under ... (appropriate liquid to be
specified by the manufacturer).
將該物質保存在生產(chǎn)廠家指
定的適當液體中；
S6
Keep under ... (inert gas to be specified by the
manufacturer).
將該物質保存在生產(chǎn)廠家指
定的惰性氣體中；
S7 Keep container tightly closed. 保存在嚴格密閉容器中；
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S7/47
Keep container tightly closed and at a
temperature not exceeding ...鳦. (to be specified
by the manufacturer)
保持容器嚴格密閉，溫度不
超過….°C（由生產(chǎn)廠家指
定）；
S7/8 Keep container tightly closed and dry.
保存在嚴格密閉容器中，保
持干燥；
S7/9
Keep container tightly closed and in a wellventilated
place
保持容器嚴格密閉，置于通
風良好的場所；
S8 Keep container dry. 保持容器干燥；
S9 Keep container in a well-ventilated place.
保持容器在通風良好的場
所；
S12 Do not keep the container sealed. 不要將容器密封；
S13
Keep away from food, drink and animal feeding
stuffs.
遠離食品、飲料和動物飼料
保存；
S14
Keep away from ... (incompatible materials to be
indicated by the manufacturer).
遠離（生產(chǎn)廠家指定的不相
容物質）保存；
S15 Keep away from heat. 遠離熱源；
S16
Keep away from sources of ignition - No
smoking.
遠離火源，禁止吸煙；
S17 Keep away from combustible material. 遠離可燃物料；
S18 Handle and open container with care. 小心搬運和開啟容器；
S20 When using do not eat or drink. 使用時，不得進食，飲水；
S20/21 When using do not eat, drink or smoke.
使用時，不得進食，飲水或
吸煙；
S21 When using do not smoke. 使用時，禁止吸煙；
S22 Do not breathe dust. 不要吸入粉塵；
S23 Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray.
不要吸入氣體/煙霧/蒸汽/
噴霧；
S24 Avoid contact with skin. 避免皮膚接觸；
S24/25 Avoid contact with skin and eyes。避免皮膚和眼睛接觸；
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S25 Avoid contact with eyes. 避免眼睛接觸；
S26
In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately
with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
眼睛接觸后，立即用大量水
沖洗并征求醫(yī)生意見；
S27 Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. 立即脫掉全部污染的衣服；
S28
After contact with skin, wash immediately with
plenty of ... (to be specified by the
manufacturer).
皮膚接觸后，立即用大量...
（由生產(chǎn)廠家指定）沖洗；
S29 Do not empty into drains. 不要排入下水道；
S29/56
Do not empty into drains, dispose of this
material and its container at hazardous or
special waste collection point.
不要排入下水道，在危險廢
物或特殊廢物收集點處置該
物料及其容器；
S30 Never add water to this product. 切勿將水加入該產(chǎn)品中；
S31 Keep away from explosive materials. 遠離爆炸物質；
S33
Take precautionary measures against static
discharges.
對靜電采取預防措施；
S34 Avoid shock and friction. 避免沖擊和摩擦；
S35
This material and its container must be disposed
of in a safe way.
該物料及其容器必須以安全
方式處置；
S36 Wear suitable protective clothing. 穿戴適當?shù)姆雷o服；
S36/37 Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. 穿戴適當?shù)姆雷o服和手套；
S36/37/39
Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and
eye/face protection.
穿戴適當?shù)姆雷o服、手套和
眼睛/面保護；
S36/39
Wear suitable protective clothing and eye/face
protection.
穿戴適當?shù)姆雷o服和眼睛/
面保護；
S37 Wear suitable gloves. 戴適當手套；
S37/39 Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection.
穿戴適當?shù)氖痔缀脱劬?面
保護；
S38
In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable
respiratory equipment.
通風不良時，佩帶適當?shù)暮?br /> 吸器；
S39 Wear eye/face protection. 戴眼睛/面孔保護裝置；
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S40
To clean the floor and all objects contaminated
by this material, use ... (to be specified by the
manufacturer).
使用….（由生產(chǎn)廠家指定）
清洗地面和被這種物料污染
的所有物品；
S41
In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe
fumes.
著火和/或爆炸時，不要吸
入煙霧；

S42
During fumigation/spraying wear suitable
respiratory equipment.
熏蒸/噴灑時，戴適當呼吸
器（由生產(chǎn)廠家指定）；
S43
In case of fire, use ... (if water increases the risk,
add - never use water).
著火時使用（指明具體的消
防器材種類，如果用水增加
危險，注明“禁止用水”
S44
If you feel unwell, seek medical advice (show the
label where possible).
如果你感覺不適，征求醫(yī)生
意見（可能時出示標簽）；
S45
In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek
medical advice immediately (show the lable
where possible).
發(fā)生事故時或感覺不適時，
立即求醫(yī)（可能時出示標
簽）；
S46
If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately
and show this container or label.
食入時，立即求醫(yī)并出示容
器/標簽；
S47
Keep at temperature not exceeding ... degr. C
(to be specified by the manufacturer).
保持溫度不超過……°C（由
生產(chǎn)廠家指定）；
S47/49
Keep only in the original container at
temperature not exceeding ... degr. C (to be
specified by the manufacturer)
保存在原始容器中，溫度不
超過…°C（由生產(chǎn)廠家指
定）；
S48
Keep wetted with ... (appropriate material to be
specified by the manufacturer).
用……（生產(chǎn)廠家指定的適
當物料）保持濕潤；
S49 Keep only in the original container. 僅保存在原始容器中；
S50
Do not mix with ... (to be specified by the
manufacturer).
不要與……（由生產(chǎn)廠家指
定）混合；
S51 Use only in well-ventilated areas. 僅在通風良好的場所使用；
S52
Not recommended for interior use on large
surface areas.
建議不在表面積大的區(qū)域內(nèi)
部使用；
S53
Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions
before use.
避免接觸，使用前獲得特別
指示說明；
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S54
Obtain the consent of pollution control
authorities before discharging to wastewater
treatment plants.
在排放入污水處理廠前獲得
官方污染控制機構許可；
S55
Treat using the best available techniques before
discharge into drains or the aquatic
environment.
在排入污水道和水生環(huán)境前
進行最佳技術處理；
S56
Dispose of this material and its container at
hazardous or special waste collection point.
在危險廢物或特殊廢物收集
點處置該物料及其容器；
S57
Use appropriate containment to avoid
environmental contamination.
使用適當容器避免環(huán)境污
染；
S58 To be disposed of as hazardous waste. 作為危險廢物進行處置；
S59
Refer to manufacturer/supplier for information
on recovery/recycling.
參考生產(chǎn)廠家/供貨商提供
的回收/再生利用信息；
S60
This material and/or its container must be
disposed of as hazardous waste.
該物質及其容器必須作為危
險廢物處置；
S61
Avoid release to the environment. Refer to
special instructions/Safety data sheets.
避免釋放到環(huán)境中，參考特
別指示/安全收據(jù)說明書；
S62
If swallowed, do not induce vomiting: seek
medical advice immediately and show this
container or label.
吞食后不要催吐：立即求醫(yī)
并出示該容器或標簽；
S14A
Keep away from acids, reducing agents and
polymerisation catalysts.
遠離酸、還原劑、聚合催化
劑保存；
S14B
Keep away from organic material and metal
powders.
遠離有機金屬化合物和金屬
粉末保存；
S14C Keep away from water, acids and alkali. 遠離水、酸、堿保存；
S28A
After contact with skin, wash immediately with
plenty of water.
皮膚接觸后，立即用大量水
沖洗；
S28B
After contact with skin, wash immediately with
plenty of water and soap.
皮膚接觸后，立即用大量
水、肥皂沖洗；
S28C
After contact with skin, wash immediately with a
sodium borate solution.
皮膚接觸后，立即用大量硼
酸鈉溶液沖洗；
S43A
In case of fire, use dry chemical. (never use 著火時使用干粉消防器材種
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water) 類滅火（禁止用水）；
S43B
In case of fire, use fire-fighting equipment on
basis of sodium chloride or sodium bicarbonate
(never use water).
著火時使用氯化鈉或碳酸氫
鈉類型的消防器材種類滅火
(禁止用水）；
S43C
In case of fire use limestone powder, sodium
chloride or dry sand (never use water).
著火時使用石灰粉末、氯化
鈉或干沙子滅火（禁止用
水）；
S43D
In case of fire, use sodium carbonate or dry sand
(never use water).
著火時使用碳酸鈉或干沙子
滅火（禁止用水）；
S43E In case of fire, use dry sand (never use water).
著火時使用干沙滅火（禁止
用水）；
S43F Use water in case of Fire 用水滅火；
S47A Keep at temperature not exceeding 65 degr. C. 保持溫度不超過65°C；
S50A Do not mix with acids. 不要與酸混合；
S5A Keep contents under oil. 將該物質保持在油中；
S5B
Keep contents under liquids which are oxygenfree,
e.g. kerosene, toluene, etc.
將該物質保持在無氧液體
中，如煤油、甲苯等；
S6A Keep under nitrogen. 將該物質保持在氮氣中；
主頁資料目錄產(chǎn)品搜索信息反饋
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