射線測量的單位

射線測量的單位

The curie is the number of particles per second from 1 gram of Radium = 3.7 x 10 E10 counts/second = 37 billion cps. = 37 billion Becquerel.

1 Becquerel (Bq) = 1 count per second = 1 event per second

1 microcurie = 1 uCi = 37,000 Bq = 37,000 cps.

1 microcurie = 2.22 x 10E6 disintegrations / minute = 2,220,000 cpm.

1 nanocurie = 1 billionth of a curie = 2,220 disintegrations / minute.

1 picocurie = 2.2 disintegrations / min.

Dosage units:

Gray (Gy) = 1 Joule/kg

Sievert (Sv) = Gray x QF, where QF is a "quality factor" based on the type of particle.
QF for electrons, positrons, and xrays = 1 QF = 3 to 10 for neutrons, protons dependent upon the energy transferred by these heavier particles.

QF = 20 for alpha particles and fission fragments.

The Sievert is a measure of biological effect.

Converting older units:

1 rad = 1 centigray = 10 milligrays ( 1 rad = 1cGy = 10 mGy )

1 rem = 1 centisievert = 10 millisieverts ( 1 rem = 1cSv = 10 mSv )

1 mrad = 10 uGy

Nominal background radiation absorbed dose of 100 mrad/year = 1 mGy/yr.

Nominal background radiation dose biological equivalent of 100mrem/year = 1mSv/yr.

Occupational whole body limit is 5 rem/yr = 50 mSv/yr. ( Recently proposed that levels be reduced to 2 rem/yr.)

2.5 mrem/hr or 25 uSv/hr is maximum average working level in industry.

Exposure rate from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) ; an empirically derived conversion factor for Ra-226 decay series: 1.82 microR/ hour = 1 picoCurie/gram.

量的名稱      非法定計量單位        法定計量單位             換算關系
照射量          倫琴(R)                      C/kg（庫/千克）         1R=2.58*10E-4C/kg
劑量當量        拉德(rad)                   Gy（戈瑞）              1rad=10E-2Gy
吸收劑量        雷姆(rem)            Sv(希沃）                1rem=10E-2Sv              
放射性活度      居里(Ci)                     Bq（貝克勒爾）          1Ci=3.7*10E-10Bq

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